Three Basic Phase

Opening


The objectives in the opening are to develop the pieces and to get the King into safety. Since there are eight pieces in the initial position, their development takes eight moves. Adding two Pawn moves to let out the line pieces (Bishops, Rooks, and Queen) gives a minimum of ten moves for development.
In the diagram, White has used the first eight moves to move four Pawns and develop all four minor pieces. Black has used the first seven moves to move three Pawns, develop three minor pieces, and castle.
The White pieces generally have a small advantage in the opening, since they move first.

Middle game

Both players have made another 13 moves. The material is still equal, but Black has a small weakness on a7/b6 which White will exploit. The next few moves will focus on this weakness.
The middle game is the phase where the creativity of both players takes hold. It is also the phase where most games are won and lost.

Endgame

White has managed to win a Pawn on the queenside. Although there are many difficulties to overcome, White has a winning position.
White will now try to advance the a-Pawn to a8, where Black will have the choice between letting the Pawn promote to a Queen or sacrificing the Rook for the Pawn. In either case White's material advantage will be sufficient to win the game easily.

Introduction to the Rules of Chess

Chess is a board game played by two opponents called White and Black. The goal of each player is to attack the opponent's King so that it has no escape. Players take turns moving one piece at a time to strengthen their own position and to weaken their opponent's.
The chess pieces are symbolic of a medieval army. Each player starts with a King and a Queen (the monarchy), two Rooks (the castle), two Knights (the horsemen), two Bishops (the church), and eight Pawns (the foot soldiers).
The picture shows what the pieces look like in most diagrams.

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BASIC OPENING STRATEGY

Here are a few basic strategies: Certainly as a beginning player, open with one of the two center pawns, the pawns in front of your king and queen. By moving that center pawn forward two square, you take control over a part of the center and you actually have a threat... to move the other center pawn forward two squares! The idea is simple. Every early move should try to take better control over the center of the board.

Control the center

All of your early moves should aim to take control over the center (the d4,e4,d5, and e5-squares) ... usually by develop a piece, preferably in a way that threatens something... perhaps an opponent's piece or to take firm control over the center.

Knights before Bishops

As my uncle used to say, "Knights before Bishops, Knights before Bishops, Knights before Bishops." Most of the time, it is fairly clear where the knights ought to be developed. The best squares for the bishops become apparent only a bit later. So make my uncle happy and move your knights before you move your bishops!

Develop before you attack

Try not to move a piece more than once in the opening... unless you can capture something or gain something important. In other words, don't start attacking until all or at least most of your pieces are developed.

Don't bring your queen out early

Make sure that you do not bring your queen out early. If you do, you may lose it or at best lose time moving it around when your opponent attacks it. Wait with your queen until you are sure you know where it's going.

King safety

This should be obvious, but many beginners forget about safeguarding their king. Lose your king, and you lose the game! So make it a priority to castle early unless you have a very good reason to do something else. In most games, players castle kingside because it's easier to defend. Castling queenside leaeves the king a bit more exposed. If you do castle queenside, you will often want to take time to move the king from c1 to b1 for added safety. Even on the kingside, it is often a good idea to make the king safer by moving it from g1 to h1.
And do not sacrifice material until you know you are getting something valuable for it! If someone take one of your pawns, or pieces, most of the time... TAKE BACK!
The above diagram shows a powerful setup for all of white's pieces. You are unlikely to achieve such a fine position against a strong opponent, but it is very useful to have a plan!